Evaluación de un sustituto de cuero elaborado a partir de fibras de los raquis de las hojas de coco (Cocos nucifera L)

Abstract

Conventional leather production generates a large amount of waste and pollutants, which represents a significant environmental disadvantage. The objective of this graduation work is to evaluate a leather substitute made from coconut (Cocos nucifera L) leaf rachis fibers, in order to reduce the generation of waste and minimize the environmental impacts associated with the tanning industry. A basic medium chemical retting process was used to obtain fibers from coconut leaf rachis. The physical and chemical characteristics of these fibers were evaluated according to ISO 6938:2012. Subsequently, the optimal formulation of the substitute was selected using a 2k experimental design and its physicochemical and mechanical properties were compared with those of conventional leather according to Union Physical Test (IUP) standards. The results show that coconut fibers present suitable properties to be used as raw material in the manufacture of leather substitutes. ANOVA statistical analysis and mechanical tensile and elongation tests validated the hypothesis that the leather substitute made from these fibers is viable and has a lower environmental impact compared to traditional leather. The leather substitute showed a tensile strength of up to 7.275 MPa (T5 treatment) and an elongation of 45.767% (T3 treatment). In conclusion, the leather substitute made from coconut leaf rachis fibers is a viable and sustainable alternative to conventional leather, offering a reduction in the dependence on toxic chemicals and minimizing waste generation.