Diseño de un sistema de tratamiento de gua para consumo humano de la red Nº 4 de la ciudad de Riobamba

Abstract

A Water Treatment System for Human Consumption of the N°4 network belonging to the city of Riobamba was designed. Four samples were collected from the well "El Estadio", based on STANDARD MHETODS *2310 A and B, to perform the physical, chemical and microbiological analyses required to evaluate the current quality of the liquid before receiving a treatment. In the characterization analyses, methods and techniques established in the Standard Methods were used; these were carried out in the Technical Analysis Laboratory of the Faculty of Sciences of ESPOCH. According to the results obtained from the water before treatment, five parameters were found to be outside the permitted limits: hardness with a value of 552 mg/L, magnesium with 80.67 mg/L, calcium with 76 mg/L, total solids with 1212 mg/L, and dissolved solids with 1076.77 mg/L, while the microbiological analyses were found to be within the limits allowed by the standard. Once the water was treated at the laboratory level, the characterization analyses yielded the following results: hardness 80 mg/L, magnesium 9.7 mg/L, calcium 16 mg/L, total solids 212 mg/L, and dissolved solids 47 mg/L. These parameters are within the limits allowed by INEN 1108 for drinking water. The treatment system designed consists of 6 stages for potabilization, which are: Collection, Filtration, Softening, Refining, Disinfection, and Distribution. Thus concluding that the system chosen for treatment is 86% efficient in removing hardness, 83% in removing total solids, and 96% in removing dissolved solids, which guarantees water quality and consumption for the population. It is recommended that EMAPAR apply the study in order to guarantee water consumption for the population of the Yaruquíes parish and take full advantage of the existing wells.