Tratamiento Biológico para la contaminación por Tensoactivos de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales del Cantón Salcedo- Chipoaló.

Abstract

We design a biologic treatment for the treatment plan of the residual waters from Salcedo- Chipoaló town from Cotopaxi province; to decrease the contamination of the water, caused by the surfactants, the same that produce the mal functioning of the plant. We characterize the water using like base the plank 12 annex 1 of the TULSMA to compare the maximum limits enabled of the surfactants, DBO5 and DQO. Once analyzed the water, we obtain the results: 3.23 mg/L in surfactants, 207 mg/L in DBO5 and 605 mg/L in DQO, the same that don`t carry out with the norm. We make eleven tests with Fenton process reaction, using like catalyzer the hydrate iron and dehydrate iron, coagulation, flocculation and finally the use of bacteria EM•1. After each test, we analyzed the surfactants and DBO5 – DQO for the test with bacteria in the Chemical Environmental Lab of the Central University of Ecuador, with the results, we analyze and choose the test 11 with the results: 0.231 mg/L in surfactants, 51 mg/L in DBO5, 163 mg/L in DQO, carry out with the legislation. The biological treatment that we propose have four level: the first level is to clean the imhoff tanks, using the Fenton reaction, the second level is to implement the cultivation of the bacteria in the tanks, the third level is the inoculation of the bacteria by week during three months, in the last level we have the activation, that compose to inoculate the bacteria each 15 days consecutively, in that we recommend to put in practice in the treatment plant of residual waters of Salcedo- Chipoaló town to have a better efficiency and to guarantee the good functioning of the plant.