Manejo ambiental de los residuos sólidos urbanos de la ciudad de Guano, provincia de Chimborazo 2002.

Abstract

This investigation work deals on the design of a sanitary land filling system propuse for the management of the Solid Urban Wastes (SUW) generated in Guano city, located on Chimborazo province. Up today, such kind of wastes are disposed on a open dumping place, located outside and near the city, without the observation of the rules legislated for that purpose and invading the Guano river currents. The sanitary land filling system was design for 18 years as life time, this is, up to the year 2020 and, for that, it was measured the SUW flux of the city from now to 2020, according to a designed sampling. It is necessary the excavation of 4346 m 3 de land and a landfilling area of 0,0652 ha for the generation of 1356 t in the year 2020. The total SUW (population plus food marked) generated during the system lifetime (from 2003 up to 2020) was estimated about 18954 t that implies to manage 56392 m 3 of land, with an occupied landfilling area of 0,8496 ha, with 10 m dep th. The annual average of generation, excavation volume and occupied area for the system was estimated on 1053 t, 3133 m 3 y, 0,0472 ha, respectively; and all the calculations were based on a experimental measured density of Guano SUW about 312 kg/m 3 . It was designed a plant for the lixiviates treatment based on a aerobic - anaerobic (facultative) stabilization pond, with aeration for the aerobic part. Taking into consideration the locality precipitation regime; values of lixiviate flux of 2,43 m 3 /d and B OD 5 of 200 mg/L (for a matured landfilling of more than 10 years) give plant with 0,0071 ha; 1,8 m depth and an efficient of 90 % for BOD 5 removal. Likewise, according to Emcom Associates the methane production in the landfilling, was calculated in the r ange of 31590 and 63180 m 3 a year that it is proposed to be burnt on a flamer. The Environmental Impact Evaluation of the Guano SUW actual disposal yield a figure of – 218 points, while with the implementation of sanitary land filling designed it is est imated that such a figure increase up to - 45 points, this is, the environmental quality in the location will be increased about 79 %.