Diseño de un Sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales en el Caserio el Topo, parroquia Río Negro, cantón Baños de Agua Santa.

Abstract

A wastewater treatment system was desinged in “El Topo” village from Río Negro parish, in Baños de Agua Santa Canton, with the propose to obtain treated water decreasing the parameters which are outside the permissible limit according to unified text of secondary law form Ministry of Environment in order to reduce the environmental impacto on the ecosystem and water resources, with this aim were developed the physicochemical and microbiological description of the waste water from village El Topo, the most important pollutants are identified and treatability tests for the respective design were made. As a results it was found that after roughing system the waste water was changed to the wetland subsurface of horizontal flow which took a surfrace area with 249,88m2 and removal percentage of Biochemical Oxygen Demand-BOD; Junco with 79.07%, detergent with 60%, oils and greases with 68,96%, through biological degradation, subsequently the waste water changed through a coagulation and flocculation process in which was obtained a detergent removal percentage with 25%, and finally the wastewater is going into a settler with capacity of 5,124m3 for the separation of sludge which come from the flocculator. The selected desing was validated with the results from parameters used in the desing of artificial wetland subsurface of horizontal flow, concluding in certain values: Biochemical oxygen demand 18 ml/L, chemical oxygen demand 33mg/L and detergent 0,8 mg/L and analysis of coagulation and flocculation proccess the detergent has a value of 0,6 mg/L. It is recomemended that the amount or sludge fraction which are not collected from the artificial wetland is removed in drying bed that by the dehydration process is solidified and the used as compost or fertilizer.