Diseño de un plan de administración ambiental de la producción y faenamiento de pollos broilers en la Avícola Pollos Campo

Abstract

An Environmental Management Plan was designed for the production and slaughtering of broiler chickens on the premises of the poultry company “POLLOS CAMPO”, located in the province of Pichincha, Quito Canton, Yaruquí Parish, Otón de Vélez neighborhood. Not taking into account experimental treatments, in the analysis of the waters at input reported a BOD5 of 0,40 mgO2/L and at output that rose to 1016,25 mgO2/L, the COD at input was 0,8 mgO2/L and at output increased to 2065,75 mgO2/L, regarding the TS at input was measured at 113,25 mg/L and at output increased to 1754,75 mg/L, the SS at input was 1,75 mg/L which rose to 1127,5 mg/L at output. Thus the results showed that negative impacts were evident, as measured against environmental standards established by TULSMA (Unified Text on Subsidiary Legislation, Environment) however the environmental impact on water quality could be mitigated through the installation of a water treatment plant. A checklist identified that the highest number of negative impacts are generated through the receipt of chicks, removal of chickens for slaughter and disinfection of sheds, but that these impacts were not significant. The negative impacts with the highest significance for water quality were those generated by the slaughtering, plucking and washing of the poultry affecting the quality of water. By developing the Leopold matrix it was determined that “POLLOS CAMPO” generated 54 negative environmental impacts and 17 positive environmental impacts. Of the 54 negative impacts, 42 were identified as not significant, in other words, 59,15% of total impacts were almost imperceptible to the environment, six had a fairly significant impact, which means that 8,5% of the impacts moderately altered the environment, two were significant negative, i.e. 2,8% of the impacts significantly altered the environment and 4 were highly significantly negative, i.e. 5,6% of the total impacts.