Prevalencia de síndrome metabólico en los estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa Chimborazo PCEI Centro de Apoyo Tutorial Guamote, del cantón Guamote, provincia de Chimborazo en el año lectivo 2016-2017.

Abstract

The influence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) in students who had not finished their studies yet at Chimborazo School in Guamote canton was determined by data collection about MS risk factors, anthropometric measurements and blood sample analysis. The research started with informative talks directed to students and parents with their authorization. The participants were 104 students, aged between 14 and 19 years. The same that were applied a survey to know their eating habits, physical activity, family background, anthropometric measurements were taken as: weight, size, abdominal girth and blood pressure. Blood sample were taken for analyzing biochemical parameters for the metabolic syndrome diagnosis based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) for adolescents. The adolescents with metabolic syndrome showed risk factors as physical activity <3 hours per week, unbalanced diet especially in carbohydrates consumption and saturated fat foods 5-6 times per week, and the obesity was the predominant antecedent in the family. The prevalence of the overweight and obesity was 18, 3% and 2, 9%, respectively. Within the criteria of modified diagnoses were found 6, 73% of HDL cholesterol decrease, 5, 77% hypertriglyceridemia, 6, 73% alteration of abdominal circumference and 0, 96% hypertension without reports of hyperglycemia. Students who did not present a metabolic syndrome showed 74, 04% of HDL-cholesterol decrease, 11, 54% hypertriglyceridemia, 9, 61% altered abdominal circumference and 3, 85% hyperglycemia. In conclusion the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 6, 73% presenting only in adolescent women. Most of them present risk factors to get metabolic syndrome highlighting the overweight, lipid alterations, sedentary lifestyle, inadequate diet and family history. It is recommended having a balanced diet and moderate physical activity in adolescent population in order to avoid triggering of risk factors that predispose the metabolic syndrome.