Gestión de riesgos físicos, mecánicos y ergonómicos en los talleres de mantenimiento de vehículos y maquinaria pesada del GAD Municipal del Tena.

Abstract

The study in the workshops of automotive and heavy machinery maintenance of Municipality Decentralized Autonomous Government of Tena started with the information gathering of the current situation of the positions referring to mechanical, physical, ergonomic risks identified in the activities done by the workers. Checking questionnaries were used to determine the Deficiency Level (DL) of the job conditions and carry out the evaluation of the mechanical risks by means the methodology Prevention Technical Notes (NTP 330). The following results were gotten: Risk Level (RL) 2,400 (60%) for the fire risks and explosions in the places of warehouse and storage, and welding. These places are considered of higher incidence. Free applications were used. Light and SPL Meter to measure the physical risks. A value of 81 luxes was gotten for the lightning risk in the warehouse and a value of 95.8 decibels for the noise risk in the place of pneumatic change for a bulldozer. Trial software Ergo/IBV (Biomechanics Institute of Valencia) for ergonomic risks with the REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment), National Institutional for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and checking questionnaires incorporated in the program were used. A very high RL of 12 score for the risk of forced position in the place of storage and warehouse and a RL unacceptable with a duty index of 2.67 for the risk of over stress in the place of change of pneumatic for a bulldozer were gotten. Risk management was carried out taking into account several preventive measures in order to reduce the risks according to the current technical and legal regulations of SSO (Occupational Safety and Health). The procedures for the storage, transport and oxygen and acetylene handling, and usage of manual tools were also elaborated.