Obtención de Biodiesel a Partir del Aceite de Semillas Oleaginosas de la Provincia de Chimborazo

Abstract

Obtaining biodiesel from oilseed oil from the province of Chimborazo in order to reduce the environmental impact of gas emissions and with them the greenhouse effect caused by the use of fossil fuels. To obtain the oils from the oilseeds of: Higuerilla (Ricinus comunnis), Colza (Brassica napus), Vicia (Vicia villosa) and Llín Llín (Cassia canesens); two methods were applied by compression using a press and by dragging with hexane (solvent); the elaboration of Biodiesel was carried out by means of the transesterification reaction with the help of Sodium Methoxide and laboratory materials. Both the characteristics of the oils obtained and those of the Biodiesel produced could be determined by means of physical and chemical parameters. In the extraction of oil by compression, a press of 2 tons of pressure was used for 5 minutes, obtaining a significant amount of oil in the seeds of rapeseed (Brassica napus) and horse chestnut (Ricinus comunnis), while the extraction with hexane uses 10 % more solvent than the amount of seed used and in the presence of heat showed greater efficiency in relation to the method mentioned above. The amount of oil extracted with hexane exceeds that obtained by compression, in a ratio of 2:1 in rapeseed (Brassica napus) and 4:1 in the Higuerilla (Ricinus comunnis), however in the realization of Biodiesel the oil chosen was the one obtained by compression because it showed better physical-chemical characteristics such as: relative density, viscosity, refractive index, acidity index, stability test, color, saponification index, ester index, iodine index, molecular weight and soxlhet method. Biodiesels from rapeseed (Brassica napus) and horse chestnut (Ricinus comunnis) were obtained by the transesterification reaction using 2% sodium methoxide as an intermediate, giving us the following results.