Construcción de un Índice de Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas aplicando Técnicas de Análisis Multivariante en la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares Ecuatorianos Urbanos y Rurales (abril 2011- marzo 2012) del Ecuador.

Abstract

The objetive of this research was to desing and build an Index of Basic Unmet Needs, weighing the basic needs as essential for the population such as: housing, overcrowding, basic services, education and income. Through the methodology of basic unmet needs, an index was desiged and by the Principal Components Analysis a Weighted Basic Unmet Neds Index was constructed, for which the data generated in the National Survey of Incomes and Expenditures of Urban and Rural Ecuadorian Households (ENIGHUR) conducted in the period April 2011- March 2012 were used. The Weighted Basic Unmet Needs Index, help to generate instuments in the public policies taking to eradicate poverty, because all basic needs are discriminated and categorized according to their scale of importance for each of the households considered in the study population. Thus also it contributes in the identification of critical shortages of the population. The Weighted Basic Unmet Index (INBIP) generated the following results: from 100% of Ecuadorian households, 55,2% were considered as Poor population, 37,8% as non-poor and 7% were found in the category of extreme poverty; index that disagrees with the results obtained by the Basic Unmet Needs Index without weighing each one of the needs. It is recommented to make use of stuctural models to analyze and compare the poverty indicators that currently exist with the INBIP in order to quantify more precisely the levels of poverty existing in Ecuador.