Síntesis de bioplástico a partir de la pulpa de plátano de seda (Musa paradisiaca) y plátano rojo (Musa acuminata) para uso como envolturas en productos alimenticios

Abstract

The objective of this research was to synthesize bioplastic from the starch of the pulp of the Seda banana (Musa paradisiaca) and the red banana (Musa acuminata) for use as wrappers in food products, for which starch was obtained by the wet method by liquefying the pulp of each banana separately with purified water, for this, 6 treatments with 4 repetitions were carried out, using two variables: speed and time, identifying in which of them the highest performance was obtained. Thus, the following values were obtained for the silk banana starch 11.24% treatment five (T5) and the red banana starch 10.26% treatment six (T6). Subsequently, the physical-chemical and microbiological characterization of the starches was carried out. Regarding the synthesis of the bioplastic, the 2k factor analysis was used with two concentrations for starch (4.10%; 5.88%), two concentrations for glycerine (2.58%, 4.94%), keeping distilled water and vinegar constant, the mixture of these components was carried out at gelatinization temperature, then it was left to dry at 60 ° C in an oven for 7 hours, the result was the formation of bioplastic sheets with a transparent brown colour and a thickness of 0.2 mm. Next, the physical-chemical and mechanical characterization of the bioplastics was carried out, treatment three (T3) was the most optimal with the following results: humidity of treatment three of bioplastic banana silk (T3PPS) 15.12% and treatment three of red banana bioplastic (T3PPR) 13.32%; solubility T3PPS (8.81%) and T3PPR (14.29%); the mechanical characterization of the obtained sheets showed a percentage of elongation T3PPS (40.63%) and T3PPR (45.83%); in addition to the biodegradability of 50 days in anaerobic medium and an anaerobic medium, approximately 94 days, for the two bioplastics. It is recommended to control the drying time of the bioplastic to improve its physical characteristics.