Obtención de una biopelicula a partir de almidón de maíz chulpi (Zea Mays Amylosaccharata) para embalaje de alimentos

Abstract

The aim of the research was to obtain a biofilm from chulpi corn starch (Zea Mays Amylosaccharata) for food packaging avoiding environmental contamination. This study was carried out by means of the extraction of starch by wet method, which was based on a factorial analysis 2k, where the revolutions per minute (A and B) and the crushing time were varied (45-60 s). The performance of these 4 treatments was achieved, the extraction procedure of which was: cleaning of the raw material, washing, soaking, crushing, filtering, decanting, drying, and sieving. Once the starch was acquired, it was characterized at the laboratory level, where physical, proximal chemical and microbiological tests were carried out; and the amylose test was established at the National Institute of Agricultural Research. Then, the formulation of the biofilms began, in which 2k factorial analysis was used, and the glycerin concentration and the starch concentration were varied. 4 treatments were achieved with 4 repetitions each with a total of 16 biofilm samples. Finally, the biofilms were identified by traction, biodegradation, physical and proximal chemical analysis, which were tested at the laboratory level, and the mechanical test was carried out in the LenMav laboratory. When examining the performance of the starch extraction, treatment 2 was chosen with a value of 27.306% corresponding to a (RPM A Y 60 s; and an amylose of 25.63%). Likewise, in bioplastic, the best performance was Plastic Treatment 2, which presented good traction and excellent biodegradability, relating it to the formulation (1 g starch, 0.75mL glycerin). It was concluded that chulpi corn starch is optimal for biofilm formulation, because it fulfilled its estimated degradation time and benefited food packaging, avoiding environmental contamination.