Evaluación de dos servicios ecosistémicos de los abonos verdes: incidencia sobre plantas espontáneas y biomasa a diferentes densidades de siembra en la estación experimental Tunshi.

Abstract

In Ecuador, the soil is degraded by 47% due to unsustainable management by man, and since some studies on conservation strategies and restoration of the resource are minimal, this research topic has been raised whose objective was the evaluation of two ecosystem services generated by green manures in the incidence on spontaneous plants and contribution of biomass to different planting densities in Tunshi Experimental Station. The methodology that was established was a randomized complete block design, defined as planting densities and control treatments, for this, transects were established as experimental units. To meet each objective, a quadrant was launched within each transect, with which the count and identification of species was carried out through direct observation and identification manuals, for the biodiversity analysis of each quadrant and for the second objective, the fresh sample was cut for its weighing on a scale and then introduced into the oven for the dry matter and take the weight. As a result, the dominance index of 0,60 and 0,85 in the Shannon index for treatment three was obtained, deducing that oats in a greater portion than vetch had an incidence in the control of spontaneous. Regarding the comparison of biomass contribution between each treatment, the one with the highest production was treatment three with 1,88 kg/m2 of green matter and 0,60 kg//m2 of dry matter. Concluding that the planting density that prevents the growth of spontaneous plants is 120 kg/ha, it also incorporates organic matter into the soil, thus increasing nutrients, the interaction of microorganisms, water infiltration, air regulation, which promotes the agrobiodiversity and the increase of ecosystem services for the benefit of living beings.