Implementación del prototipo de un sistema de comunicación para transmitir video de baja resolución en tiempo real para un vehículo aéreo no tripulado (drone).

Abstract

The current degree work shows a contribution to wireless communications with the implementation of a communication system to transmit video in real-time. It is a complement related to UAV unmanned aerial vehicles due to its significant evolution in the industrial, commercial, and educational areas. For this reason, it was decided to study and analyze the regulations governing these aerial devices, these allowed the proper selection of the electronic elements to get involved in the communication system: the DRONE and the ground station. In addition, the design and construction of two types of radiating systems were carried out, the first system is a 2x2 microstrip patch antennas array and the second system is an omnidirectional cloverleaf antenna in the 5.8GHz frequency band. The tests carried out on the radiating systems were conducted with the spectrum analyzer and the vector network analyzer, obtaining results similar to those simulated with a dispersion parameter of -27.2dB for the Cloverleaf antenna and -20.2dB for the 2x2 antenna array. A link budget calculation was performed on the communication tests on the 5860 MHz frequency to obtain transmission losses through free space at distances of 10 meters to 5 km. From the time delay test of the communication system, a latency of 134 milliseconds was obtained. Additionally, an image processing application with the detection of colors was provided allowing to recognize silhouettes of people or objects in a certain area. It is concluded that the implemented prototype met the originally established requirements. It is recommended to take into consideration the resolutions given by the telecommunications regulator on the use of not licensed frequencies in UAV.