Identificación de zonas con potencial agua subterránea mediante técnicas de teledetección, sig y pja en la parroquia Punín, provincia de Chimborazo

Abstract

The main objective of the current research was to identify areas with possible presence of groundwater in the “Parroquia Punín”, located in the Riobamba County through a combination of Analytical Hierarchy Processes (AHP) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It started with the collection of spatial data using state geo portals, and open access repositories such as: (USGS Earth Explorer). With the QGIS software characterized morphologically the basin study, processing five essential inputs to characterize the presence or absence of groundwater: Slope, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Drainage density, soil use, type and precipitation. Subsequently, weighting using PJA assigned the relative values for each parameter in order to generate the groundwater potentiality index (GWPI). The results obtained were: the basin has an area of 47,827 km2 , with a shape factor of 0.43 that indicates a slightly widened watershed, besides the hypsometric graph showed that the basin is in a stage of equilibrium. On the other hand, the water recharge areas, the NDVI, precipitation and drainage density variables have greater weighting when detecting the presence of aquifers. It was determined that areas with NDVI values greater than 0. 6 with an annual precipitation range of 3000 mm/year, and an adequate drainage density became suitable areas to find groundwater. Finally, it is recommended to complement this type of studies with surveys in the study area using in situ techniques.