Biorremediación de compostaje con presencia de trazas de plaguicidas provenientes de residuos orgánicos del mercado mayorista de la Ciudad de Riobamba

Abstract

The objective of this study was to propose a microbial bioremediation procedure to enhance the composting process from organic waste with the presence of traces of pesticides from the Wholesale Market of the city of Riobamba, for which microbiological techniques were used for isolation, identification, purification, replication and storage of microorganisms used in bioremediation. In the first instance, the microbial diversity in the compost made in San Gerónimo de Porlón was determined. Later, microorganisms were qualitatively described to choose the most frequent to submit to tests with known concentrations of pesticides to test their degrading action. In the compost, an average of 650 bacteria, between beneficial and pathogenic, and a small number of fungi (25 units) were found. Four microorganisms were chosen for pesticide tests, subjecting them to concentrations of 4.68 ppm, 4.4 pm, and 4.13 ppm of glyphosate, chlorfenapyr, and difenoconazole, respectively. Of the microorganisms, the one that degraded the highest amount of glyphosate (50.85%) was the actinobacteria ACP1, the one that degraded the highest amount (52.27%) of chlorfenapyr was Pseudomonas spp. The highest percentage of difenoconazole degradation (77.96%) was obtained with Pseudomonas spp., as evidenced by the analytical results of Gas Chromatography-Mass (GC-MS) from an external laboratory. These studies will be a basis for strengthening the composting process with bioaugmentation of microorganisms in the compost made in San Gerónimo de Porlón.