Obtención de plástico biodegradable a partir de la cascarilla de cacao (Theobroma cacao) incorporado con bagazo de caña de maíz (Zea mays) para el uso en alimentos

Abstract

The volume of agricultural waste in Ecuador, such as cocoa husks and corn cane bagasse, constantly increases. In order to minimize these negative impacts and promote environmental sustainability and people's health, this study develops biodegradable plastic films using these wastes. Therefore, the objective of the research was to obtain a biodegradable plastic from cocoa husk (Theobroma cacao) incorporated with corn cane bagasse (Zea mays) for use in food packaging. Approach: The methodology implemented had a qualitative and quantitative approach; experimental and correlational research will be used since the object of study will be acted upon, and the statistical data of cocoa cellulose and sugarcane bagasse fiber will be obtained. This methodology made it possible to get biodegradable plastic into five formulations. It determines a significant difference concerning the plasticizer variable, for which it identified that the third formulation has the best physical characteristics, such as thickness, moisture, water solubility, water vapor permeability, and biodegradability. The third formulation has a 0.118 mm thickness, 20.38% moisture, 0.155 permeability, and 81.11–89.45% biodegradability. In this context, it concludes that the biodegradable plastic obtained has a translucent appearance, smooth texture, strong consistency, and adequate flexibility as a substitute for conventional plastic.