Rediseño del sistema de recolección de residuos sólidos domiciliarios en la parroquia General Proaño, cantón Morona, Ecuador

Abstract

General Proaño parish has experienced significant population growth, which has led to an increase in the generation of solid waste. The lack of updated collection routes has generated areas without service, forcing the population to resort to inadequate waste disposal, which is detrimental to health and the environment. The main objective of the technical project was to establish the characterization of household solid waste in General Proaño parish and determine an adequate collection route system using geographic information system (GIS) tools. To this end, a diagnosis of the current solid waste management was carried out using data collection techniques such as surveys, interviews, and direct observation. For the solid waste characterization study, the methodology proposed by Dr. Kunitoshi Sakurai in 1982 was used to obtain data on the per capita generation (GPC) and the physical composition of solid waste. In addition, ArcGIS software with the Network Datashape and Network Analyst tools were used to redesign the collection routes. It was determined that the per capita generation of waste is 0.43 kilograms per inhabitant per day (kg/inhab/day). With respect to the optimized routes, it was found that the six current routes cover 166.40 km per week in 857 minutes, while the proposed routes cover 118.44 km in 657 minutes, with two routes in the rural area and one route in the urban area. It is concluded that the current collection service is inefficient, and that the implementation of the proposed routes will result in an economic saving of 26.66 %, equivalent to US$ 769.20 less per year, benefiting both the Municipal Decentralized Autonomous Government of Morona Canton and the inhabitants of the parish.