Diseño de una junta empernada mediante simulación computacional para validar el comportamiento estructural a tracción

Abstract

The project seeks to simulate and identify the behavior of the bolted joint of the chassis of a MAZDA BT50 van, under tensile loads. The problem identified in the lack of information on structural behavior and strength analysis; identifying through design, construction and evaluation, integrating computer assisted engineering tools and experimental tests that provide complete and applicable information in safety and durability context. The process began with scientific and technical literature review on chassis structural integrity. The bolted joint was designed using SolidWorks CAD software, ensuring accuracy in bolt layout and adapting to the chassis geometry under loading conditions. Spark emission spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brinell hardness structural properties study were performed, confirming that the bolted joint material is a mild steel type with characteristics similar to AISI1010 steel. This material, characterized by its low carbon content and mechanical strength in the range of 48 to 55 kg/mm². Computational simulations with ANSYS identified peak stresses of 350.27 MPa at critical points, highlighting areas susceptible to deformation and possible failure, and validating the resistance to loads up to 54.6 kN. Dynamic analysis showed a maximum principal stress of 0.2693 MPa with a factor of safety of 0.773. The tensile test in the universal machine indicated a typical behavior of ductile and malleable material, resisting a maximum load of 53.8 kN and showing a maximum tensile strength of 220 MPa. Finally, the comparative analysis between simulations and experimental data validated the accuracy of the computational model, supporting its application in the vehicle chassis.