Comparación de la efectividad del hongo Pleurotus ostreatus y Trichoderma harzianum en la disminución de concentración de metales pesados en lodos de lixiviación de un relleno sanitario.

Abstract

The present experimental investigation is about the comparison of the Effectiveness of mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus and Trichoderma harzianum in the reduction of concentration of heavy metals in muds of Lixiviation of a landfill, carried out in Lago Agrio, Sucumbíos province. We started with the widespread growth of mushrooms during six weeks in Biotechnology Laboratory, Science Faculty using equipment such as autoclave, incubator and flow chamber. The mud extracted from lixiviationswimming pools was dried the environment on geomembranes to prepare them later in 14 celis made of wood where the mushrooms Trichoderm harzianum Pleurotus ostreatus were cultivated at the same time in two different amounts of substrate with three repetitions each using two celis of control for each mushroom. This experiment lasted about two months with a pH control, Temperature and Humidity were measured by equipment such as: pH meter, scale and stove. The results showed that Trichoderm harzianum removes copper in 53,7%, lead 38,9%, Zinc 33,5% while Pleurotus ostreatus removes copper in 46,3%, lead 43,25%, Zinc 31,2% and for Arsenic the reduction was invalid. These percentages reduced from initial concentration were validated with tukey by means Statiscal Package for the Social Science (SPSS). It is concluded that the satisfactory results were gotten in the Copper and Zinc removal with Trichoderm harzianum using an amount of substrate of 40%cocoa-60%so, the initial results are under the acceptable limits according to the current Environmental Legislation in Ecuador and with Pleurotus Osreatus we got good results by removing Lead with an amount of 60%cocoa-40%cob. Therefore, Trichoderma harzianum is an effective microorganism to remove certain metals of muds of lixiviation of landfill.