Diseño de un sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales para la parroquia Simiatug del cantón Guaranda provincia de Bolívar.

Abstract

A wastewater treatment system was designed for Simiatug, in Guaranda Canton to comply with environmetal regulations and obtain treated water with the parameters within the permissible limits of TULSMA, Official Register, Ministerial Agreement No. 028, Table 10, Discharge limits to a body of fresh water. The composition of the effluents becomes variable due to the agricultural activities of the inhabitants and high presence of rainwater, composite samples were realized comprised of simple samples by two months; The physical, chemical and microbiological characterization allowed to identify the following parameters that are outside the range according to the Environmental Quality Standard for discharge of Effuents: Color, Turbidity, Fluorides, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total and Fecal Coliforms. Theatable tests were carried out by the test method of jar with aluminum chloride poly (PAC) and Chemfloc, for the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms was chosen by calcium hypochlorite. When identifing the desing variables, the equipment was dimensioned according to the physical-chemical treatments of the waste water, which are: Entrance cannel, Grind system, Rectangular landfill, Horizontal flow degasser, Parshall Channel, Mixer tank, Sedimentador of High cup, slow sand and gravel filter, disinfection tank and a drying bed. The selected desing was validated with the results of the final characterization of residual water and the average percentages of removal of the parameters: May 12, May 26, June 18 and June 25,2016: Color 99.47%, Turbidity 99.44%, Fluorides 84.36%, Biochemical Oxygen Demand 99,62%, Chemical Oxygen Demand 99.75% and more than 99% of Fecal and Total Coliforms. It is recommended to implement the wastewater treatment system to avoid contamination of the Simiatug River.