Diseño y fabricación de una máquina extrusora para crear el filamento de la impresora 3D a partir de material plástico.

Abstract

The aim of this technology proposal is to design and manufacture an extruder machine as an alternative for the manufacture of filaments 3D printers using polypropylene, it has obtained by crushing bottle caps, hoping to achieve shortening the processing time, so it improves the quality and uses recycled materials. Calculations were made to determine the dimensions of the components of the extruder machine such as worm, cylinder, nozzle, hopper, power and engine speed. Afterwards, SolidWorks software is used to design the extruder, tensioning roller system and winding system. The selection of materials is also analyzed and elements necessary for the machine, in such a way that it was emphasis on the resistance to high temperatures corrosion, and tenacity. After design and selection of materials, the extruder is made which consists of two main parts. the mechanics, which consists of the construction of all the elements of the machine, and electronics, which it is carried out the control of the mechanical part and the extrusion temperature by means of electric resistances type clamp governed by a temperature controller as well as the selection of the cooling system at the outlet of the extruder. Performance tests were carried out to determine the optimum operating conditions, among which the following stand out: extrusion temperature 170 ° C, engine 1hp , spindle turning speed 36 rpm to obtain an estimated production of 3.3 kg / h of filaments 3mm diameter. It has used the filament made in the 3D printer Fused Deposition Model (FDM) in this way it was printed without problems and a preheating time of 60 min is recommended before starting the engine.