Diseño de un índice de pobreza en Ecuador usando un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales con base a la ENIGHUR periodo 2011-2012.

Abstract

Poverty is a worldwide very important issue for it is one of the main phenomena that is still unsolved to society. On this research the aim was to calculate an index of poverty, which has been called INPO, through the use of Structural Equation Models (SEM). This model shows the relationship between the variables in study. For it is a novel methodology which has been relatively unexplored in areas of economy, the importance of applying it, is highlighted. SEM involve 4 variables: Housing, Real Estate, Expenditure, and Poverty. The methodology about poverty makes reference to the income of each household, the information was gotten from 39.617 homes tested in the National Survey of Income and Expenditure of the Ecuadorian households ENIGHUR (urban and rural), which was applied in period April 2011- March 2012 in the homes of the 24 provinces and 9 autorepresentative cities (Cuenca. Machala, Esmeraldas, Guayaquil, Loja, Manta, Quito, Ambato, and Santo Domingo). The adjustment of SEM was made by the technique of Partial Least Squares (PLS), which allowed to observe objectively the relative importance of the indicators related to poverty. The calculated INPO was 60.77% for Ecuadorian households. Comparing this value to the range (55% - 95%) established by Unmet Basic Needs Rate (INBIP) published in Instituto Nacional de Censos (INEC) it is concluded that Ecuadorian households are in poverty.