Evaluación ambiental de las piscinas de cultivo de tilapia de la parroquia San Carlos, cantón Joya de los Sachas, provincia de Orellana

Abstract

In this research work, the environmental evaluation of the tilapia cultivation pools of the San Carlos parish, Joya de Los Sachas canton, Orellana province, was carried out. For this, six tilapia breeding pools were built. The WQI (water quality index) of the pools in three stages of the crop was calculated: before placing the fry, two months after the cultivation, and the harvest of the tilapia. Two treatments were implemented in the pool water, Tl= water + lime + sulfapiscis + fertipiscis, and T2= water without treatment, to determine if a previous treatment in the water affects the calculated WQI. The results obtained were analyzed from a CRD (Completely Random Design), and the environmental impacts caused by the cultivation of tilapia with a Leopold matrix were evaluated. It was determined that the WQI in the two pools decreased from 84.21 and 82.88 with an acceptable rating, to one contaminated with values of 40.28 and 38.06, with percentages of 47.8% and 45.9% respectively. Because the pools do not use a constant flow of water under the criteria for assessing environmental impacts, the degree of tilapia cultivation affects water and soil resources are highly significant, while it is moderately significant for the air. The cultivation of tilapia and its activities affect direct and permanent to the natural resources of the community on July 23rd. Therefore, it is recommended to implement domestic wastewater treatment plants with artificial subsurface flow wetlands within the parish as an alternative that allows reducing the levels of water pollution the pools before being poured into the receiving bodies.