Optimización del proceso de alto agotamiento de cromo en pieles bovinas con la utilización del Software Simulink.

Abstract

The objective was to optimize the high chrome depletion tanning process in bovine hides based on the manipulation of the process variables such as tanning time, basicity, bath, and temperature; based on the empirical Wiegand equation. The tanning process was carried out in the tannery company "CUEROS EL ALCE" located in the Guano canton, Chimborazo-Ecuador, it was characterized by having 3 treatments of 6 repetitions each, Treatment 1 (6% basic chromium III sulfate ); Treatment 2 (7% basic chromium III sulfate) and Treatment 3 (8% basic chromium III sulfate) in which the deliming, pickling, tanning, and final leather finishing processes were carried out, physical tests of resistance to tension (IUP 6 method), percentage of elongation (IUP 6 method) and lastometry (IUP 9 method). Finally, sensory tests of fullness, softness, and touch were carried out using the florintequi leather palpation method. Treatment 3 was determined to be the most efficient since, starting from a 38% depletion value, it progressively rises for each advance in the analysis time until reaching 75%, also, it reported the highest resistance to tension (1185.13 N / cm2), percentage of elongation (87.92%) and lastometry (10.09 mm), as well as an excellent rating for fullness 4.5 points, softness 4.83 points and touch 4.67 points. It is recommended to carry out optimization studies of tanning processes with basic chromium III sulfate in other types of hides to see the response of the tanning processes.