Evaluación de la eficiencia del hongo Pleurotus Ostreatus en la biodegradación de suelos contaminados con clorpirifos

Abstract

The current research work was carried out in order to evaluate the efficiency of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom in the biodegradation of chlorpyrifos-polluted soils. For the initial stage with regard to the information analysis and collection, some referential information which is part of the current Plan de Desarrollo y Ordenamiento Territorial belonging to San Luis Parish was taken into account. In the on-site stage, for collecting information it was necessary to apply 53 surveys to farmers from Sagrado Corazón de Jesús community to determine the number of users as well as the proportion of riñón tomato crops grown in a greenhouse and which pesticide was ¨Lorsban¨ as the main active ingredient of chlorpyrifos. As a complementary stage, it was possible to determine the chlorpyrifos soil concentration, resulting in an initial concentration of 380 ppm. Parallel to the obtaining of the mushroom mycelium, it was possible to extract a mother sample for its further replication under the required environmental conditions, the ones which are documented and detailed in available bibliography. Finally, for the degradation laboratory analyzes of Pleurotus ostreatus in an isolated way as well as together with wheat (Triticum spp) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) as growing substrata, three treatments were applied with the following results: The chlorpyrifos lowest concentration final testing belonged to treatment three (P. ostreatus + wheat + soil) with 128 ,33 ppm, followed by treatment two, (P. ostreatus + barley + soil) with 139,67 ppm, finally treatment one (P. ostreatus in suspension + soil) with 210,33 ppm. Thus, the treatment with the highest effectiveness due to a greater chlorpyrifos degradation rate was the one that uses plerotus ostreatus in synergy with wheat and agricultural soil.