Caracterización de los sistemas de producción en la microcuenca del río Puculpala, sub cuenca del río Chambo.

Abstract

This present investigation aims to characterize the socioeconomic conditions of the production systems in the micro-watershed of the Puculpala river, Chambo river sub- watershed. The techniques for gathering information were surveys structured in 9 modules to facilitate the data systematization. The most important crops are potato and corn after pastures, which use more than 50% of the total area of the production system. The most important animal species reported are guinea pigs (5076), chickens (3826) and cows (1456), and the lack of training in the production units was evident, only 35.6% of people were trained, that means a serious problem in the production units. The age of the heads of household and the years of study could also be relevant factors in the adoption of new agricultural practices in production since the waiting time between the investment and the economic returns from the use of new technologies will be medium and long term. There has been an accelerated process of the natural resources deterioration in the production systems, especially water and soil resources, caused by intensive land use processes and inadequate agricultural and livestock practices. It is recommended to implement training so that the production systems can be improved from elementary practices such as crop rotation, increase of agrobiodiversity conserved at the level of production systems, positive seed selection, incorporation of legumes and trees, nutrient recycling, management of plant health, fertility and conservation of natural resources.