Evaluación del bioproducto a base de saponinas para inhibir hongos fitopatógenos presentes a nivel de vivero, facultad de recursos naturales, ESPOCH.

Abstract

This research aimed to evaluate a bioproduct based on quinoa saponins (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) in order to inhibit phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Pythium sp., Alternaria sp.,) which are present in guarango plants (Caesalpinia spinosa) at the nursery level. The afrosymmetric method was applied to determine the existence of saponins in Chenopodium quinoa Willd and verify that they belong to a bitter variety; the saponin extract was obtained by the Soxhlet method from this. The concentrations at 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% were prepared from the saponin extract plus water and were applied to the field treatments at 8 and 15 days after air conditioning and the data was recorded at the 45 days. A randomized complete block design was established in a 4 x 4 + 1 factorial arrangement, an analysis of variance was applied for the height and intensity of the attack variables and a linear regression analysis to establish the appropriate dose against each phytopathogenic fungus. The results obtained showed that the bioproduct had a higher percentage of inhibition for Rhizoctonia sp., Pythium sp., Botrytis sp. with a value of 92.31%, the inhibition percentage was low for Fusarium sp. with a value of 71.79% in the 25% concentration (75 ml saponin extract + 25 ml of water). It was recommended to perform saponin inhibition tests against other phytopathogenic fungi.