Estudio de biorremediación de metales pesados por actividades agropecuarias en el cantón Mocha a causa de la ceniza volcánica

Abstract

The aim of this research work was to carry out a bioremediation study on heavy metals through agricultural activities in Mocha county, it was necessary to identify the cadmium and mercury concentrations in soil and biomass (parsley). The parameters influencing the absorptive capacity of the soil such as pH, EC, organic matter, texture, macronutrients, real and apparent density were evaluated. To improve soil characteristics, an organic amendment (compost) was added; this was previously analyzed according to the requirements. Commercial parameters and macronutrients were also determined for biomass. Heavy metals were analyzed through flame and hydride generator atomic absorption spectroscopy methodology; then, the bioconcentration and translocation factors were also calculated, this evidenced the phytoextraction capacity of the plant. The results obtained were tabulated in Excel and registered in SPSS software through which an ANOVA variance analysis was carried out. The concentrations of heavy metals showed a slight decrease when comparing the soil before and after the cultivation process, the results were better in soils where the organic amendment was used, evidencing the accumulation capacity of the plants. However, these concentrations are low and are below the established permissible limits. It is concluded that the bioremediation process is effective because it causes a slight decrease in the load of heavy metals in soils together with the application of the organic amendment, which provides the necessary nutrients and helps to improve the tolerance of the plants. Further studies on bioremediation are recommended to develop new alternatives to manage soils exposed to volcanic ash.