Elaboración de un biofilm con el almidón de la mezcla de maíz (Zea mayz L.) de grano blanco y papa chola (Solanum tuberosum l.) para su uso como recubrimiento en alimentos

Abstract

The present research project aimed to develop a biofilm with the mixture of white grain corn starch (Zea mayz L.) and chola potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) for use as a coating in food. For this it was necessary to apply the factorial design 2k (k=2) the which allowed to work with two variables at once, both for the extraction of starch (speed and time), as for obtaining bioplastic (starch and plasticizer concentration), with a high limit and a low limit for both, respectively. Starch extraction was obtained using the wet method, with a yield of 23.70% in maize (TM3) and 14.90%in the potato (TP2); then the characterization of the starches was carried out according to the INEN standard1456. To obtain the biofilm, the best formulation obtained in the laboratory was T1, the which worked at one gram of the 50/50 mixture of starches (TM3 and TP2), 0.5 of plasticizer (glycerin), 4 mL of acetic acid and 35 mL of distilled water. The characterization of the biofilm is performed according to the INEN 2635 standard, for which an elongation of 5.40% was obtained, it was also performed tests on thickness, humidity, solubility and degree of water vapor transmission. It concludes that the T1 biofilm formulation is suitable for food coating, with acceptable biodegradability in air. It is recommended to continue the research for other purposes given that while searching for the biofilm for coating was found some of greater hardness and firmness that can replace other materials that can be used for other uses.