Calibración de la dosis de nitrógeno mediante dos abonos orgánicos y el nitrato de calcio, utilizando el cultivo de brócoli (Brassica oleraceae L. Var. Avenger), en el cantón Riobamba, provincia de Chimborazo.

Abstract

The objective of this research was to calibrate the dose of nitrogen using two organic fertilizers and calcium nitrate in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Avenger) crop in Riobamba canton, Chimborazo province. The treatments under study were T1 (50), T2 (100), T3 (150) kg N/ha with Eco Abonaza; T4 (50), T5 (100), T6 (150) kg N/ha with Humus; T7 (50), T8 (100), T9 (150) kg N/ha with calcium Nitrate, and T10 (without nitrogen). It was applied a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with nine treatments plus an absolute control and three replications, distributed in experimental units of 18 m2. Ten plants were identified at random to evaluate the following parameters: percent yield, pellet diameter, pellet weight, pellet classification (in categories large, medium, and small), total yield, biomass, dry matter, total nitrogen extracted (Micro Kjeldahl method), and the replacement value of fertilizer using calcium nitrate was determined, an economic analysis of the treatments was carried out using the benefit/cost ratio. The results showed highly significant differences in pellet diameter, pellet weight, and pellet classification by categories with Treatment 9. The best extraction was obtained by applying Treatment 8 with 290,82 kg N/ha; the nitrogen substitution value was obtained by applying Treatment 1 with 74,35 %; the best yield was achieved by applying Treatment 9 with 29,92 t/ha; and the best benefit/cost ratio was obtained by applying Treatment 7 with 1,87 USD. It was concluded that with the application of 100 kg N/ha calcium Nitrate, nitrogen absorption is optimized in the broccoli crop, so it is recommended to apply that dose to optimize the agronomic and economic yields of this crop.