Evaluación de la nutrición y densidades de siembra en la variedad de maíz INIAP 543-QPM con fines forrajeros en el cantón La Joya de los Sachas.

Abstract

The experimental work consisted in evaluating the nutrition and planting densities of INIAP 543-QPM maize variety for forage purposes in Joya of Sachas parish. The methodology was based on a completely randomized block design (DBCA), with factorial arrangement A x B in divided plots, factor A being three planting densities the corn variety studied and factor B, four types of fertilization: control, low, medium and high, which formed twelve treatments with four replications; the variables analyzed were categorized into three types: first, morphological variables, being these height, diameter and number of leaves per plant, leaf length and width, root lodging and stem lodging second, physiological variables, greenness index and leaf area index; and third, production variable, green matter yield; these data collected from the variables were subjected to an analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% for the separation of means in the InfoStat program. The greatest plant height and leaf width were achieved with high fertilization, 2.25 m and 9.61 cm; greatest diameter, leaf length and stem lodging with medium density and low, high and control fertilization, 19.53 mm, 1 m and 2%; least root lodging and greatest number of leaves per plant with low density and high and medium fertilization, 38.5 % and 11.45. The highest leaf area index was achieved at high density, 7.53. The highest fresh weight and greenness index were achieved with higher fertilization at high density, 57.5 T/ha and 46.7 SPAD. It is recommended to use high densities and high fertilization to obtain higher fresh forage yields and Profit/Cost.