Identificación de las fuentes de pérdidas de cosecha en cultivo establecido de cebada maltera (Hordeum vulgare L.) mediante el uso de maquinaria combinada en Bolivar.

Abstract

This research aimed to identify the sources of crop losses in established malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivation using combined machinery in Bolivar, in 19 lots of producers associated to the "Siembra por Contrato" 2022 program of Cervecería Nacional, distributed in Chillanes, Simiatug and San Simón. A methodology combining survey application, field data collection and statistical modelling, was used. For data analysis and processing, a PCA model with a 19 x 42 matrix was developed to define the socio-economic sources influencing yield losses. With the PLS model, the sources influencing harvest losses with the use of machinery were determined with a 308 x 33 matrix, and the relative weight of each source was identified. By using Spearman's method, a weak positive correlation was obtained, so a model was made for each variable. As a result, a model was obtained with a coefficient of determination of 92% of variance for the yield variable. The model for the machinery losses variable had a coefficient of determination of 99% variance. In both models the VIP>1 method was applied, and they are reliable. In both models the source that stands out is grain weight, with a coefficient of 7.60 and 7.84 respectively. With the benefit-cost analysis, an average gain of 0.89 p. and a profitability of 89.08% was obtained. It is concluded that grain weight is an important source that determines yield and harvest losses with machinery, as well as socio-economic sources such as education, occupation, tenure, and lot size. It is recommended to plant the Voyager variety as the grain weight is higher than Cañicapa.