Estado nutricional y tipos de lactancia en preescolares de los Centros de Desarrollo Infantil del Patronato provincial Riobamba 2018.

Abstract

Breastfeeding habits are related to the degree of nutrition and the risks of disease and death, mainly in children under 2 years of age. The objective was to relate nutritional status with the types of breastfeeding in preschoolers of the Child Development Centers of the Patronato Provincial Riobamba. The research is a non-experimental, cross-sectional design study, 193 children under 3 years of age participated, anthropometric data were taken (weight and height), and a survey of mothers to determine the type of breastfeeding received. The results were analyzed according to descriptive statistics of each of the variables, and statistical tests of ANOVA and Pearson's chi- square, statistical significance was considered p < 0.05. The results regarding breastfeeding; 57% received exclusive breastfeeding, 31% mixed breastfeeding, and 12% artificial breastfeeding, it was observed that the children with exclusive and prolonged breastfeeding presented a better nutritional status than the children who received artificial breastfeeding. Regarding the Z-score values of the growth indicators weight/age (p= 0.11), height/age (p= 0.19), and weight/height (p=0.12) with the type of breastfeeding, it was found that the children who received exclusive breastfeeding presented Z-scores closer to normal, affirming that exclusive breastfeeding continues to be the best food to maintain the nutritional status of the child. It is concluded that there is a better nutritional status in children who received breast milk.