Evaluación microbiológica ambiental y de superficies del quirófano del Hospital Básico Médica Sur de Riobamba

Abstract

The hospital environment is generally a habitat of a high number of microorganisms. That is why, it represents a high risk of getting nosocomial diseases. Nowadays, there are a few studies that reflect the microbiological contamination of the environment and surfaces in different hospital spaces. This research aims to evaluate the microbiological quality of the environment and surfaces of the operating room of the hospital “Hospital Básico Médica Sur de Riobamba”. For this, the segmentation techniques and the superficial cotton swabs of open plaques were applied as sample methods. The samples obtained were incubated from 24 to 72 hours for bacterium and from 5 to 7 days for fungi. In both cases at 37°C. It was reported that there is a bacterium load of 35 MPN (more probable number) and 10 MPN for fungi. About the microbiological evaluation of the surfaces in the operating room, it was observed a growth of 62 units of colony shapers (UFC/100m2), and UFC/100m2 for bacterium and fungi. Respectively, on the other hand, on the surfaces of the delivery rooms, it was reported 66 UFC/100m2 correspond to bacterium and 36 UFC/100m2 to fungi. Being the microorganisms mostly isolated in the operating room: Staphylococcus aureus (53%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (37%), and Aspergillus spp (10%). In the delivery room Staphylococcus epidermidis (42%), Aspergillus spp (32%), Staphylococcus aureus (15%), Penicillium spp (6%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1%) and Candida albicans (1%). The bacterium load reported in the operating room and the delivery room are placed within the normal parameters of the international regulation. However, it is clear an alarming fungi contamination in the analyzed areas.