Tratamiento químico de los lixiviados provenientes del relleno sanitario del cantón Shushufindi

Abstract

The present research work focused on the application of the chemical treatment of coagulation- flocculation for the clarification of leachate from the sanitary landfill of Shushufindi City, in order to reduce the concentration of pollutants present. As a reference, parameters were taken from the Unified Text of Secondary Legislation of the Ministry of Environment (TULSMA) Book VI, Annex I, Table 9, for the physical-chemical characterization of the leachate. The methodology was developed using four chemicals, two metallic coagulant clarifiers (Aluminum Sulfate and Aluminum Polychloride) and two organic ones (Polyamide and Polydadmac), eight flocculant chemicals such as anionic, cationic and non-ionic. Solutions were prepared at 0.1% and 1% respectively. Using the jar test equipment, combining coagulants in doses from 50 to 1500 ppm; flocculants from 1 to 10 ppm and an oxidant 50 ppm. From the combination of these chemicals, four products were obtained that gave good results for this type of leachate. Being product 4 with a combination of (50 ppm of sodium hypochlorite, 1200 ppm of aluminum polychloride and 2 ppm of flocculant 8 (low load and high weight cationic), the best product achieving the removal of the turbidity in 98,98%, as for the biochemical oxygen demand (DBQ5), a reduction of 40% is achieved and 43.43% for the chemical oxygen demand (COD), as for the hydrogen potential a minimum variation of tm 2.10% is observed. As it can be noticed, the elimination of the suspended solids is almost total, but not the presence of the organic load, so this technique is recommended for leachate treatment. Finally, it is recommended to implement a biological process as a complement to the chemical clarification treatment, since it would help to completely eliminate the remaining organic matter.