Análisis de ciclo de vida de la producción de los hongos beauveria bassiana a21 y metarhizium anisopliae a13 en sustratos sólidos

Abstract

The objective of this study was to carry out a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) through the ISO 14040 standard to determine the environmental impacts generated by the production of oats, rice, amaranth, corn flour and wheat flour. This procedure established the limits from the cradle to the laboratory, where it was determined that oats (Schullo) were the substrate that generated the most significant environmental impact: considering that, being of a specific brand, it involves more processes in its production and distribution. It was also determined that the distribution was the stage that produces the most significant environmental load and is directly linked to the depletion of stratospheric ozone due to the emission of greenhouse gases. Next, a protocol for producing entomopathogenic fungi on solid substrates was established. Four experimental treatments originated with four repetitions for the two fungi, generating 32 experimental units. This protocol was carried out to determine the most suitable bioformulation, evaluating the growth of spores during 15 days in the different treatments. The best substrate for producing Beauveria bassiana was rice, with a growth of 4.2cm, while Metarhizium anisopliae was oats, with a growth of 4.9cm. Finally, through the environmental, technical and economic evaluation matrix, it was concluded that broken rice was the ideal solid substrate for the elaboration of the bioformulation; this is because its production represents a moderate environmental impact, it has good results for the growth of the two mushrooms, and, it is economically viable. It is recommended to carry out similar studies of the substrates to produce the bioformulation, evaluate their environmental impact, and choose the most appropriate one.