Implementación de un huerto con especies fitorremediadoras con el próposito de conocer su potencial para descontaminar suelos agrícolas en la Estación Experimental Tunshi.

Abstract

The present research was carried out at Tunshi Experimental Station (ESPOCH), Licto parish, Riobamba canton, Chimborazo province; the objective of this research was to implement an orchard with phytoremediation species to know its decontaminating potential in agricultural soils, the methodology that was used is quantitative with a correlational scope, for this, the analytical and synthesis method was carried out, which relied on various instruments such as the bibliographic review of phytoremediating plant species of scientific articles, degree projects, and scientific journals, likewise, an orchard with phytoremediation species was designed with the Garden Planner program, where the decontaminating potential of the phytoremediation species was evaluated; the use of 27 phytoremediation species was determined, of which 59% are introduced and cultivated, 22% are introduced but not cultivated species, 11% are cultivated and 4% of the total species are native and endemic, for the design of the orchard, the study area was adapted to ensure an optimal and functional space, these measures included the evaluation of the topography of the land, temperature and precipitation, therefore, between the Raphanus sativus L, the Urtica urens L, and the Coriandrum sativum L, the most efficient in decontamination was Raphanus sativus L, since the initial concentrations of nickel in the contaminated soil were 120 ppm, chromium of 91 ppm, cadmium 10 ppm and vanadium 130.5 ppm exceeded the contamination criteria, established by TULSMA, the numbers recorded after the phytoremediation process with Raphanus sativus L, presented values of 119.33 ppm of nickel, 90 ppm of chromium, 9.55 ppm of cadmium and 130.1 ppm of vanadium, in this context, it is concluded that Raphanus sativus L, can significantly reduce the levels of contaminants in the soil in the environmental field.