Diseño e implementación de un sistema de control y monitoreo de temperatura en hornos eléctricos para la quema de cerámica en los laboratorios de diseño gráfico.

Abstract

In some industrial electric furnaces, especially those exceeding 1000°C, pyrometric cones have traditionally been used to determine the furnace temperature. This method relies on the operator's continuous observation, which affects the final product's quality, requires constant attention, and exposes the operator to the risk of burns. Therefore, the curricular integration research project titled "Design and implementation of a temperature control and monitoring system in electric furnaces for firing ceramics in the laboratory of graphic design," the development of a system that controls the power in electrical resistors to vary the temperature, this system is fed back by sensors and provides the operator with the option to observe and control the firing process from a control panel. The work began with the research of the theoretical foundation of electric furnaces for ceramics, sensors, and types of temperature control. Subsequently, a study was conducted on the types of ceramic materials and their main characteristics. The controller was then designed based on mathematical models consulted in books, theses, and virtual references related to industrial furnaces. Using MATLAB tools, the appropriate parameters were obtained to create the control algorithm and maintain a stable temperature, highlighting that the PID control provides steady-state error correction. This control was validated through measurements with the sensors used, obtaining an error of ±2°C about all stages. In this context, this study successfully established the sensor's characteristics and the communication protocols for data transmission, leading to the successful development of the temperature control and monitoring system in electric furnaces during real-world tests with ceramic parts firing.