Aprovechamiento de los residuos forestales lignocelulósicos provenientes de la poda de las áreas verdes de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo como sustrato para la producción del hongo ostra (Pleurotus ostreatus)

Abstract

In the present investigation, the combination of the substrate based on forest residues from the “Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo” such as Pehuén, leaf litter, and residual grass, was determined to allow the best production and efficiency of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation. These residues, when not used, generate landscape contamination. The edible fungus was isolated in Petri boxes with PDA commercial culture medium, to later obtain the seed colonized with the mycelium and this served as the beginning of the cultivation process. Twelve experimental units were formulated, each consisting of three replicates. The productive process began with the inoculation of the mycelia seed to the different treatments. In the incubation phase, the seed with the mycelium invades the entire substrate. It is maintained at a temperature of 25°C. This process lasted about 19 to 28 days. The appearance of the primordium occurred between 26 and 31 days. After this, the fruiting phase was maintained at a humidity of 70 to 80%, aeration, and luminosity for 32 to 35 days; resulting in 3 harvests. The best treatment was selected based on the best production, biological efficiency, and yield. Treatment 7 (T7) with a production of 105.33 g/kg, yield of 21.07%, and biological efficiency of 64.38%. Regarding protein content, for the residual substrate (T7) made up of 50% Pehuén and 50% leaf litter, 12.04% crude protein was obtained. In conclusion, the utilization of this type of residue reflects results comparable with agro-industrial residues, providing a high potential for utilization for the cultivation of edible mushrooms. Following the recommendation of the research, more efficient results can be obtained if they are enriched according to the purpose for which they are intended to be used