Análisis de los tratamientos farmacológicos antibacterianos en función de los cultivos y antibiogramas realizados a pacientes de la unidad de cuidados intensivos y hospitalización del hospital San Juan Riobamba.

Abstract

The main objective of this research was to determine bacterial resistance in patients from the Intensive Care Unit and Hospitalization at San Juan Basic Hospital in Riobamba city. A retrospective study was conducted, analyzing the results of microbiological cultures and antibiograms, as well as the characteristics of clinical history profiles. A descriptive analysis was carried out, which determined that the most prevalent infectious disease among patients in the Intensive Care Unit was bacterial pneumonia (36%) within the group of respiratory problems, while in the hospitalization ward, cases of urinary tract infections (37.15%) within the category of renal and urinary tract disorders were prominent. Antibiotic treatments were prescribed as monotherapy in 34% of cases, while 66% were in mixed therapy, with beta-lactam antibiotics being the most commonly prescribed. Antibiograms from the Intensive Care Unit and hospitalization areas were evaluated, determining that Escherichia coli was the most prevalent bacteria in susceptibility reports (43%). It was evidenced that a significant number of bacteria were resistant to various groups of medications, primarily beta-lactams such as ampicillin and ceftriaxone. It is concluded that microorganisms exhibit higher resistance to antimicrobials, which are the causes of mortality. It is recommended to conduct more studies on this topic and to implement training on the rational use of medications.