Elaboración de biopolímeros empleando colágeno de escamas de pescado enriquecido con celulosa y óxido de grafeno

Abstract

The problem generated by the inadequate management of solid waste and its persistence in the environment has prompted research into the development of new sustainable alternatives that seek to transform waste into new self-sustainable materials; therefore, the objective of this research was to elaborate biopolymers from fish scale collagen enriched with cellulose and graphene oxide. The methodology implemented consisted of three distinct phases. In the first phase, the raw material was obtained. Collagen was extracted by the enzymatic hydrolysis method with 15% Rennin, while paper cellulose was obtained through an alkaline treatment with 7% sodium hydroxide (NaOH). On the other hand, graphene oxide was synthesized using the modified Hummers oxidation method. The collagen matrix and the six treatment formulations were established in the second phase using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Finally, in the third phase, the biopolymers were characterized by physical-chemical tests such as traction, solubility, permeability, humidity, and biodegradability. In addition, microscopic techniques (SEM) showed the presence of cellulose, collagen, and graphene oxide structures with diameters between 20 and 500 um and spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the presence of the functional groups of the elements in the biopolymers. The results showed that the six treatments studied have good properties, with the TBC-2 and TBC-3 biopolymers standing out with good tensile characteristics. In this context, it is concluded that adding cellulose and graphene oxide improves the physical and chemical characteristics of the biopolymers under study.