Implementación de un brazo hidráulico y sistemas de medición para un banco de pruebas de sistemas hidráulicos para el taller de maquinaria pesada

Abstract

The commissioning of a hydraulic system on a test bench is a complex process that involves design, engineering, analysis and rigorous testing to ensure performance and safety. The main objective of this project was to implement a hydraulic arm on a test bench at the Heavy Machinery Workshop at Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. In designing the hydraulic system, key factors such as component selection, circuit assembly, actuator dimensions, and integration into control systems had to be considered. This work described in detail the selection of piping, hydraulic cylinders and the specific calculations of each component, as they are necessary for the system requirements, fluid type, pipe diameter and thickness, and protection against adverse effects. The project included pressure gauges that estimate pressure losses and operating pressure. The hydraulic arm included lift, dig, extend and swing cylinders with hoses, control valves and connections. The degrees of freedom of the arm are described and the Gruebler criterion is used to calculate them. The implementation included the design, installation and setup of the hydraulic system. Compression, basic motion, load, accuracy and function tests are performed, and the results documented. The project presented a comprehensive approach to the implementation of the hydraulic arm, from component selection to testing and maintenance. To further improve the system, it is recommended that maintenance schedules be prepared. Student participation in equipment maintenance promotes hands-on learning and effective management.