Eficiencia de mordientes con un colorante obtenido del arrayán (Luma apiculata) para el teñido de fibras de lana

Abstract

The textile industry is one of the main contributors to environmental pollution due to the generation of wastewater containing dyes and dye fixatives, highlighting the importance of treatment prior to disposal. This study aimed to analyze the efficiency of organic and inorganic mordants in dyeing wool fibers with a dye extracted from the berries of Luma apiculata (arrayán). The first phase involved pigment extraction through reflux and subsequent concentration using a rotary evaporator, employing ethanol acidified with 5% citric acid. The extracted dye was then used to dye wool fibers with three mordants: citric acid, acetic acid, and sodium chloride. The fixation of the dye was verified by measuring the concentration in the solutions using UV-Visible spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 512 nm. In the second phase, the persistence of the dye in the fibers was assessed after washing for various durations. The dye fixation rate was determined, with values of 482.735 mg/g for sodium chloride, 349.461 mg/g for citric acid, and 371.307 mg/g for acetic acid. The experimental design evaluated the dye's tonal characteristics, showing that the pigment (purple color) imparted a light brown hue to the wool. A completely randomized block statistical analysis determined that sodium chloride was the most efficient mordant, achieving fixation efficiency of 96–99% within 16 hours. However, the efficiencies of the other mordants were not significantly different, indicating that all are suitable for wool dyeing processes. This promotes sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches.