Evaluación in vitro de la sensibilidad de Bipolaris sp. en pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus) a diversos fungicidas comerciales

Abstract

Pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus) is a high economic and nutritional value crop, that faces serious phytosanitary problems due to infection by the Bipolaris sp. fungus, this pathogen causes foliar lesions and fruit rotting, affecting crop quality and yield, which can lead to significant economic losses, making it imperative to identify effective fungicides for its control. Therefore, the main research objective was evaluating in vitro Bipolaris sp sensitivity to several commercial fungicides. The methodology implemented had a quantitative approach with an experimental study under laboratory conditions, using a completely randomized design (CRD). Bipolaris sp. strains were isolated from infected samples collected from pitahaya fields. The strains were purified and exposed to different concentrations of several commercial fungicides using the plate dilution technique to measure the mycelial fungus growth in the presence of fungicides. Through this methodology it was possible to determine the results indicating a variability in the effectiveness of the evaluated fungicides, treatments (T1 Difenoconazole, T2 Chlorothalonil, T4 Tebuconazole, T6 Metiram+ Pyraclostrobin, T7 Azoxystrobin+Difenoconazole) showed a high capacity to inhibit mycelial growth of Bipolaris sp, (96.92%, 96.21%, 97.00%, 97.00%, 97.00% respectively) while the treatments (T3 Azoxystrobin, T5 Sulfo-calcium) were less effective (88.45%, 93.18% respectively). The research concluded that the best-performing fungicides achieved a significant fungal growth reduction at all doses compared to the control T5. It is plausible to use these findings for the development of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, contributing to the sustainability and profitability of the pitahaya crop.