Diseño y construcción de un equipo de destilación para la purificación del aceite usado procedente de vehículos

Abstract

A distillation equipment was designed and built for the purification of used oil from vehicles in Riobamba, for the laboratory of Unit Operations of the School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences of ESPOCH. In order to purify it, physical and chemical processes were used to recover the solvent; inductive method was used where samples were collected in washing machines, lubricators and mechanics of urban parishes of the city and deductive method based on fundamentals and calculations for the design, construction and validation of the equipment. The recovered oil will serve as a new base oil that can be marketed for the production of SAE 40, pipe oil, which will be used in the automotive industry to wash engines and in the treatment of wood. The objective of the combustion is the energetic valorization obtaining heat used in cement plants, thermal power plants, refineries. The sizing of the equipment was made with engineering calculations from experimental data obtained from laboratory tests, then it was built with stainless steel AISI 304, for a capacity of 80 liters in the boiler with steam jacket, the concentration column consists of 2 bodies with 7 tunnel type plates or bubbling hoods, the feeding plate is the 3, each plate has a height of 15 cm, and the column has a diameter of 18 cm for greater ease of construction, the feed tank has a capacity of 80 liters, it has a lentil deflator with water inlet and outlet for cooling, a lentil cooler with concentrated solvent inlet and product outlet, a bottle of degrees and finally a product tank with a capacity of 30 liters. In the validation, an efficiency of 91% was obtained. The equipment complies with recovering the solvent (Hexane) in the distillation of used oil. Lubrication companies must carry out adequate storage.