Estudio vibracional mediante sensores de proximidad para establecer la relación entre los modos de falla y la forma de órbita del eje con respecto a su cojinete.

Abstract

The present work of degree has as object to determine the relation between the ways of failure and the form of orbit of the axis with regard to his bearing. The pretension is to evaluate and diagnose the characters obtained through the technique of analysis of vibrations and spectral orbits with the help of two proximity sensors; the purpose of this study is to show the real and evident form the different problems that rotary equipment presents in the industry, and so establish technical criteria when performing maintenance. In addition, the theoretical and practical contribution to the students of the Maintenance Engineering career were reinforced. The number of failure modes that can be diagnosed in the industrial field is unquantifiable. However, it has been considered to analyze the most frequent such as mechanical imbalance, mechanical slack and instability by oil swirling oil. To generate each failure mode a flywheel was available where you can attach several bolts of different mass as well as the use of two axes of different diameter. The study emphasizes the vibrational orbits provided by two proximity sensors located orthogonally; this element is connected to the Vibracheck ABG 200 equipment by means of the equipment called Driver. It is coupled to a computer so that the registered orbits can be visualized and saved. The main conclusion was that the speed of operation does not influence the shape of the orbit provided by the proxies. However, as the level of imbalance increases so do the mechanical vibrations and the maximum travel (Smax) of the axis with respect to its bearing of exponential manner obtaining a (Smax) of 38.4 when the level of imbalance is greater than 29.4 g.