Determinación de propiedades físicas, químicas y mecánicas de las especies Cedrelinga cateniformis (Chuncho), Minquartia guianensis (Guayacán pechiche), en la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo.

Abstract

This research proposes: to determine the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the species Cedrelinga cateniformis (chuncho), Minquartia guianensis (guayacán pechiche), at Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo; That were collected in Francisco de Orellana Province. For these evaluations it was analyzed with a natural drying. The physical properties identified were organoleptic characteristics presenting differences due to site quality, forestry, management, among other factors. In the chemical properties, a moisture percentage of 11, 71% was obtained for C. cateniformis and 12, 03% for M. guianensis; in the density it was determined that the wood of C. cateniformis is light with a value of 0.42 gr/cm3 and M. guianensis is very heavy with a value of 1.02 gr/cm3, the pH for the two species was moderately acid, the anatomical characteristics were observed with a optical microscope and electronic giving better results with the electron microscope it is clearly observed these characteristics and the dimensions of the pores providing an accurate value of their size. On the other hand in the mechanical characteristics were performed tests of static flexion, traction, parallel comprehension and understanding perpendicular to the fiber. The specimens used had standard dimensions according to the type of test, by the ASTM D143 standard. Presenting different resistance; C. cateniformis its mechanical resistance is acceptable, it has good response to very high tensile axial loads, it suffers from rapid alteration in the presence of load, however it is the minor with resistance to the mechanical tests, and in M. guianensis its resistance is high and higher than the other species analyzed, in relation to the latter has a minor alteration in the presence of load when subjected to mechanical tests. Finally, a simulation was made with SOLIDWORKS projecting statistical results similar to the values obtained in the mechanical tests.

Key words: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS.