Determinación de la resistencia bacteriana en pacientes mujeres con infección de vías urinarias que acuden al Hospital del Día “Clínica Villarroel” de la provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas

Abstract

Bacterial resistance in urinary tract infections is a worldwide problem, affecting both outpatients and hospitalized people, causing complications in treatment, reducing antibiotic options and, therefore, empirical treatment is not safe. The present study aimed to determine bacterial resistance in female patients with urinary tract infection who attended at Hospital del Día “Clínica Villarroel” in Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Province during the period October 2020 - January 2021. A study was carried out prospective, quasi-experimental cross-sectional. 123 positive urine cultures from female patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The method was based on seeding in dissemination and surface depletion, reading, isolation, inoculation and interpretation of the results; all these procedures were carried out following established protocols. The group with the highest prevalence of infection was 21-30 years with 49.59%. The most frequent etiological agent was Escherichia coli with 53.66%, followed by Klebsiella oxytoca with 22.77%, Proteus vulgaris with 20.31% and Staphylococcus aureus with 3.26%. The antibiotics to which the microorganisms showed the greatest resistance were Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole, Ampicillin / Sulbactam and Amoxicillin / Clavulanic Acid. Escherichia coli, producer of extended spectrum beta-lactamases, presented resistance to penicillin, third generation cephalosporins and Aztreonam; While the antibiotic to which the microorganisms were more susceptible was Amikacin above 90%, being the recommended drug in the empirical treatment of patients who attend the Hospital del Día “Clínica Villarroel” in Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Province.