Evaluación de los residuos madereros de eucalipto y pino para la obtención de biocombustible a escala laboratorio

Abstract

The aim of this research was the evaluation of eucalyptus and pine wood waste to obtain biofuel at laboratory scale based on sampling method at Industria Maderera Buenaño in the city of Riobamba. It was developed in three stages: in the first, the physicochemical characterization of the eucalyptus and pine sawdust was carried out by means of testing density, moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon, in the second stage, the biofuel (bio-oil) was obtained by thermal pyrolysis in a Batch reactor, under the following operating conditions: temperature at 400 and 500 °C, inert atmosphere (N2), water cooling system at 10 °C, residence time 30 min and a heating rate at 0.3 °C/s, and in the third stage the physicochemical properties of the bio-oil were determined with density tests at 15 °C, kinematic viscosity at 40 °C, pH, flash point and FT-IR infrared spectroscopy. The biomass used presented a density of 0.37g/ml, moisture 13.44%, ash 0.15%, volatile matter 72.49% and fixed carbon 13.92%. In the pyrolysis process, a higher yield of the liquid fraction was achieved at 500 °C, 41.97% in mass, with its physicochemical analysis it was determined that this bio-oil has a density of 979 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity 1,149x10-6 m2/s, pH 3.25, flash point 60 °C and its structure is composed of alcohols, phenols, alkynes, derivatives of carboxylic acids, secondary amine, alkanes, oxygenates, ether, amines, haloalkane and naphthalene. In this way, it was evidenced that at a higher temperature the formation of gaseous products occurs and due to the physicochemical characteristics of the biofuel, it is a pyroligneous acid. It is recommended to carry out studies of the non-condensable gases and the solid fraction.